Bursitis is a painful condition caused by inflammation of the bursae small Migraine Clinic, fluid-filled sacs that cushion the bones, tendons, and muscles near joints. When these sacs become irritated or inflamed, they cause pain, swelling, and stiffness in the affected area. Bursitis can occur in many parts of the body, often as a result of repetitive movements or prolonged pressure on a joint. This article explores the most common types of bursitis, their symptoms, causes, and how to manage them effectively.
Shoulder Bursitis (Subacromial Bursitis)
Shoulder bursitis occurs when the bursae under the acromion (the bony part of the shoulder) become inflamed. It is often linked to repetitive overhead activities, such as swimming or painting, which irritate the shoulder joint.
Symptoms:
- Pain on the outside of the shoulder
- Difficulty lifting the arm overhead
- Swelling and tenderness around the shoulder joint
- Pain that worsens at night
Causes:
- Overuse from sports or manual labor
- Trauma or injury to the shoulder
- Poor posture or shoulder impingement
Management:
- Rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory medications
- Physical therapy to improve posture and mobility
- Corticosteroid injections for severe inflammation
Elbow Bursitis (Olecranon Bursitis)
Elbow bursitis affects the bursa located at the tip of the elbow, called the olecranon bursa. This type of bursitis is often associated with resting elbows on hard surfaces for long periods, earning it the nickname “student’s elbow.”
Symptoms:
- Swelling at the back of the elbow
- Pain and tenderness, especially when bending the arm
- Redness or warmth, indicating possible infection
Causes:
- Repetitive pressure on the elbow
- Direct injury or trauma to the elbow
- Infections caused by a cut or scrape
Management:
- Avoid resting on hard surfaces
- Use elbow pads for protection
- Drainage or antibiotics if the bursa becomes infected
Hip Bursitis (Trochanteric Bursitis)
Hip bursitis occurs when the bursa on the outer part of the hip, near the greater trochanter bone, becomes inflamed. It is more common in middle-aged adults and can be aggravated by activities like running or lying on one side for extended periods.
Symptoms:
- Pain on the outer side of the hip and thigh
- Increased pain when lying on the affected side
- Stiffness or limited range of motion in the hip
- Pain that worsens with activity, such as climbing stairs
Causes:
- Overuse from running or cycling
- Hip injuries or surgeries
- Uneven leg lengths or poor biomechanics
Management:
- Rest and anti-inflammatory medications
- Stretching and strengthening exercises for the hip
- Corticosteroid injections for persistent pain
Knee Bursitis (Prepatellar Bursitis)
Knee bursitis affects the bursa located in front of the kneecap (patella). It’s often called “housemaid’s knee” because it can develop from frequent kneeling on hard surfaces.
Symptoms:
- Swelling at the front of the knee
- Pain and tenderness around the kneecap
- Stiffness or difficulty bending the knee
- Warmth and redness if the bursa is infected
Causes:
- Frequent kneeling or pressure on the knees
- Direct trauma to the knee
- Infections or inflammatory conditions like gout
Management:
- Rest and use of knee pads
- Ice therapy and anti-inflammatory medications
- Aspiration (draining fluid) if swelling persists
Ankle Bursitis (Retrocalcaneal Bursitis)
Ankle bursitis occurs in the bursa located at the back of the heel, near the Achilles tendon. It is often seen in runners and people who wear tight or uncomfortable shoes.
Symptoms:
- Pain at the back of the heel, especially during walking or running
- Swelling and redness near the Achilles tendon
- Stiffness in the ankle, particularly in the morning
Causes:
- Overuse from running or jumping
- Wearing shoes that rub against the heel
- Tight calf muscles or Achilles tendon issues
Management:
- Ice and anti-inflammatory medications
- Calf stretches and Achilles tendon exercises
- Switching to comfortable, supportive footwear
Buttock Bursitis (Ischial Bursitis)
Ischial bursitis affects the bursa located in the buttocks, near the ischial tuberosity (the bone you sit on). It’s sometimes called “weaver’s bottom” because it can develop from sitting on hard surfaces for long periods.
Symptoms:
- Pain when sitting, especially on hard surfaces
- Tenderness or swelling near the buttocks
- Pain that radiates down the back of the thigh
Causes:
- Prolonged sitting on hard surfaces
- Injury or trauma to the buttocks
- Tight hamstring muscles
Management:
- Avoid sitting on hard surfaces
- Use cushions or padded chairs
- Stretching exercises for the hamstrings and glutes
Heel Bursitis (Subcutaneous Calcaneal Bursitis)
This type of bursitis affects the bursa located between the skin and the Achilles tendon. It is often associated with excessive pressure or friction on the heel.
Symptoms:
- Swelling and pain on the back of the heel
- Redness or warmth around the heel area
- Pain that increases with walking or wearing shoes
Causes:
- Wearing ill-fitting shoes
- Repeated friction on the heel
- Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or gout
Management:
- Rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory medications
- Switch to properly fitted shoes
- Heel pads or orthotic inserts for added cushioning
Conclusion
Bursitis can occur in various parts of the body, often as a result of repetitive movements, prolonged pressure, or injury. Shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and ankle bursitis are among the most common types, each presenting unique symptoms and challenges. Managing bursitis involves a combination of rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medications, and, in some cases, physical therapy or corticosteroid injections.
If you experience persistent pain, swelling, or limited joint movement, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. With proper care, bursitis can be managed effectively, allowing you to return to your normal activities pain-free.